Lineage & history
Diagrams use Mermaid. Solid nodes are the agreed Muhammad ﷺ → Adnan chain (Sahih al-Bukhari). Dashed / muted nodes are traditionally reported material that classical scholars explicitly dispute — shown only as a caveat, not as names presented as certain.
How to read the styles
Section titled “How to read the styles”flowchart LR C[Confirmed]:::confirmed --> T[Traditionally reported]:::traditional classDef confirmed fill:#dbeafe,stroke:#1d4ed8,stroke-width:2px,color:#0f172a classDef traditional fill:#f1f5f9,stroke:#64748b,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray: 5 4,color:#334155
Prophetic lineage — Muhammad ﷺ to Adnan
Section titled “Prophetic lineage — Muhammad ﷺ to Adnan”Recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari (before Hadith 3851). Classical consensus treats this segment as agreed; several early authorities say one should not extend the nasab past Adnan as if certain.
flowchart TB Adnan[Adnan]:::confirmed --> Maadd[Maʿadd]:::confirmed Maadd --> Nizar[Nizar]:::confirmed Nizar --> Mudar[Mudar]:::confirmed Mudar --> Ilyas[Ilyas]:::confirmed Ilyas --> Mudrikah[Mudrikah]:::confirmed Mudrikah --> Khuzaymah[Khuzaymah]:::confirmed Khuzaymah --> Kinanah[Kinanah]:::confirmed Kinanah --> Nadr[an-Naḍr]:::confirmed Nadr --> Malik[Malik]:::confirmed Malik --> Fihr[Fihr]:::confirmed Fihr --> Ghalib[Ghalib]:::confirmed Ghalib --> Luayy[Luʾayy]:::confirmed Luayy --> Kab[Kaʿb]:::confirmed Kab --> Murrah[Murrah]:::confirmed Murrah --> Kilab[Kilab]:::confirmed Kilab --> Qusay[Qusay]:::confirmed Qusay --> AbdManaf[ʿAbd Manaf]:::confirmed AbdManaf --> Hashim[Hashim]:::confirmed Hashim --> AbdMuttalib[ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib]:::confirmed AbdMuttalib --> Abdullah[ʿAbdullah]:::confirmed Abdullah --> Muhammad["Muhammad ﷺ"]:::confirmed classDef confirmed fill:#dbeafe,stroke:#1d4ed8,stroke-width:2px,color:#0f172a
Beyond Adnan (not drawn as settled)
Section titled “Beyond Adnan (not drawn as settled)”Between Adnan and Ismaʿil / Ibrahim, reports disagree on both names and counts (variants of 7 / 9 / 15 / 40 intervening ancestors). Ibn Hibban, Ibn Hazm, al-Dhahabi, and others treat certainty as ending at Adnan. This site does not list one traditional name chain as fact.
flowchart LR Adnan[Adnan — end of agreed nasab]:::confirmed -.-> Gap["Disputed generations<br/>(7 / 9 / 15 / 40 — variants)"]:::traditional Gap -.-> Ismail[Ismaʿil]:::traditional Ismail -.-> Ibrahim[Ibrahim]:::traditional classDef confirmed fill:#dbeafe,stroke:#1d4ed8,stroke-width:2px,color:#0f172a classDef traditional fill:#f1f5f9,stroke:#64748b,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray: 5 4,color:#334155
Revelation chronology — settled shape
Section titled “Revelation chronology — settled shape”Safe to depict as settled: ~23 years of revelation, ~13 Meccan years before the Hijra and ~10 Medinan years after, beginning with the first revelation in the cave of Hira when the Prophet ﷺ was about forty.
flowchart LR Hira["Cave of Ḥirāʾ<br/>first revelation<br/>Ramadan ~610 CE"]:::confirmed --> Meccan["~13 Meccan years"]:::confirmed Meccan --> Hijra["Hijra — pivot"]:::confirmed Hijra --> Medinan["~10 Medinan years"]:::confirmed Medinan --> End["Revelation complete<br/>~632 CE"]:::confirmed classDef confirmed fill:#dbeafe,stroke:#1d4ed8,stroke-width:2px,color:#0f172a
What this page does not settle
Section titled “What this page does not settle”- Exact day of the first revelation within Ramadan (17th / 21st / 23rd / 24th are all attested)
- A single surah-by-surah chronological order (traditional Ibn ʿAbbas–style lists, the 1924 Cairo reconstruction, and academic lists diverge)
A surah-order table, if added later, must be labeled as a named traditional reconstruction, not as unique historical fact.
Sources (short)
Section titled “Sources (short)”- Sahih al-Bukhari, nasab before Hadith 3851
- Ibn Hajar, Fatḥ al-Bārī; al-Dhahabi, Siyar; Ibn Hibban; Ibn Hazm (as cited in the research note)
- Egypt’s Dar al-Ifta on revelation periodization
Full citations and links: lineage-history-sourcing.md.